Description

Phosphoric Acid: A Versatile Industrial Chemical

Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), also known as orthophosphoric acid, is a colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid. This inorganic acid is a crucial industrial chemical with a wide range of applications spanning various sectors. Its relatively low toxicity compared to other strong acids contributes to its widespread use.

Key Properties:

• Chemical Formula: H₃PO₄
• Molar Mass: 97.99 g/mol
• Appearance: Colorless, viscous liquid
• Solubility: Highly soluble in water
• Acidity: Triprotic acid (can donate three protons)
• Density: Approximately 1.87 g/cm³ (85% solution)

Grades & Purity:

Phosphoric acid is available in various grades, depending on its intended use. Purity levels vary, impacting its applications and price. Common grades include:

• Food Grade: Meets stringent purity standards for use in food and beverage processing. Often used in soft drinks for acidity regulation and as a preservative.
• Technical Grade: Suitable for industrial applications where high purity is not critical.
• Electronic Grade: Possesses ultra-high purity, essential for semiconductor manufacturing and related processes.

Applications:

Phosphoric acid's versatility is evident in its wide range of applications:

• Food & Beverage Industry: Used as an acidulant in soft drinks, processed cheeses, jams, and jellies. It acts as a flavor enhancer and preservative.
• Fertilizers: A key component in the production of phosphate fertilizers, crucial for agricultural productivity.
• Metal Treatment: Used in rust removal, surface cleaning, and metal finishing processes.
• Water Treatment: Used to adjust pH levels in water treatment plants.
• Dental Applications: A component in some dental cements and polishing agents.
• Detergents & Cleaning Agents: Used in some household cleaners due to its cleaning and degreasing properties.
• Semiconductor Industry: Crucial in the production of semiconductors and microelectronics.
• Pharmaceutical Industry: Used as a buffer and in various pharmaceutical formulations.

Handling & Safety:

While relatively less hazardous than other strong acids, phosphoric acid still requires careful handling:

• Eye Protection: Always wear appropriate eye protection when handling phosphoric acid.
• Protective Clothing: Wear gloves, lab coats, and other protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
• Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid inhalation of fumes.
• Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials. Keep containers tightly sealed.
• First Aid: In case of skin contact, immediately flush with plenty of water. Seek medical attention if necessary.

Purchasing Information:

Phosphoric acid is widely available from chemical suppliers in various packaging sizes, from small laboratory quantities to bulk quantities for industrial use. The price varies depending on grade, purity, and quantity.

Disclaimer: This information is provided for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute professional advice. Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific handling and safety precautions before using phosphoric acid. Improper handling can lead to injury or damage.